I take some facts, about the role of oil prices in the economy, from the article of Roubini on FT found here.
“About two-thirds of the world’s proven oil reserves and almost half of its gas reserves are in the Middle East.”
“Three out of the past five global recessions have followed a Middle East geopolitical shock that led to a spike in oil prices. In the other two global recessions, oil prices also played a role. The Yom Kippur war of 1973 triggered a sharp increase that led to the global stagflation – recession cum inflation – of 1974-75. The Iranian revolution in 1979 led to a similar stagflationary rise in oil prices that triggered the 1980 recession (a double-dip recession for the US in 1980 and 1982). The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in August 1990 led to a spike in oil prices at the time when the savings and loan crisis was already tipping the US into a recession; the US and most advanced economies then entered a short recession that lasted until the spring of 1991, when the war against Iraq was won. Even in the 2001 global recession – triggered by the bursting of the technology bubble – oil played a modest role as the second Palestinian intifada and broader Middle East tensions led to a modest but significant increase in prices.”
“Oil prices were also significant in the most recent global recession. The US entered a recession in December 2007 following the subprime bust, but this became global only in the autumn of 2008. This global recession was not triggered only by the collateral damage of Lehman’s bankruptcy. By the summer of 2008, oil prices had doubled in about 12 months, reaching a peak of $148 a barrel. That was a massive negative terms of trade and real income shock not just for the US, most of Europe and Japan but also for China and all the other net oil/energy-importing emerging markets. An already fragile global economy was tipped into an outright global recession.”
“This rise – and the related increase in other commodity prices, especially food – pushes up inflation in already overheating emerging market economies where oil and food prices represent up to two-thirds of the consumption basket.”
“But if oil prices were to rise much further, these economies would slow down sharply and some might even experience a double-dip recession. Finally, rising commodity prices increase investors’ risk aversion and may lead to a reduction in consumer and business confidence that is both negative for financial markets and the real economy.”
